Roadways of Tacoma, WA

Tacoma, Washington, is a city with a complex and evolving network of roadways that plays a crucial role in the daily lives of its residents, businesses, and visitors. From major highways that connect the city to the broader Puget Sound region to local streets that wind through historic neighborhoods, Tacoma’s roadways are integral to its transportation infrastructure. This comprehensive guide explores the history, development, and current state of the roadways in Tacoma, providing detailed insights into the key routes, challenges, and future plans for the city’s transportation network.

Historical Development of Tacoma’s Roadways

Early Transportation Routes

Before the advent of modern roadways, the area now known as Tacoma was connected by a network of indigenous trails used by the Puyallup Tribe and other Coast Salish peoples. These trails facilitated trade and communication between various tribal communities across the Puget Sound region.

The Rise of the Railroad and Early Roads

The late 19th century marked a significant turning point in Tacoma’s transportation history with the arrival of the Northern Pacific Railroad in 1873. The railroad transformed Tacoma into a major transportation hub, leading to the rapid growth of the city’s road network. Early roads were often unpaved and rudimentary, serving primarily as connectors between the railroad, the port, and emerging residential and commercial areas.

20th Century Expansion

The 20th century saw substantial expansion and modernization of Tacoma’s roadways, driven by the rise of the automobile and the city’s growing population. Key developments during this period included the paving of major streets, the construction of bridges, and the establishment of state highways that linked Tacoma to other parts of Washington state.

Major Highways and Freeways

Interstate 5 (I-5)

Overview and Significance

Interstate 5 (I-5) is the most critical roadway in Tacoma, serving as the main north-south highway that connects the city to Seattle, Olympia, and beyond. I-5 is part of the larger Interstate Highway System and is a vital corridor for both regional and national transportation.

I-5 is heavily trafficked, particularly during peak hours, and serves as the primary route for commuters, freight trucks, and long-distance travelers. The highway’s role in connecting Tacoma to key economic centers makes it indispensable to the city’s economy.

Recent and Ongoing Improvements

In recent years, several improvement projects have been undertaken to enhance the capacity and safety of I-5 in the Tacoma area. These include the addition of HOV lanes, the reconfiguration of interchanges, and the installation of new signage and lighting.

• HOV Lane Expansion: To alleviate congestion and promote carpooling, additional HOV lanes have been added along key stretches of I-5.
• Interchange Upgrades: The interchanges at the Tacoma Mall and the Tacoma Dome have been reconfigured to improve traffic flow and reduce bottlenecks.
• Bridge Replacement: The I-5 bridge over the Puyallup River was recently replaced to meet modern safety standards and accommodate increased traffic volumes.

State Route 16 (SR 16)

The Tacoma Narrows Bridge

State Route 16 (SR 16) is another major highway that plays a crucial role in Tacoma’s transportation network. The highway begins at the I-5 interchange near the Tacoma Dome and extends westward, crossing the Tacoma Narrows via the iconic Tacoma Narrows Bridge.

The Tacoma Narrows Bridge, which consists of two parallel suspension bridges, is one of the most famous landmarks in the region. It provides a critical link between Tacoma and the Olympic Peninsula, serving both daily commuters and tourists. The bridge is also a significant engineering achievement, particularly after the collapse of the original bridge in 1940, which was replaced by the current structures.

Traffic and Tolling

Traffic on SR 16 and the Tacoma Narrows Bridge can be heavy, particularly during rush hours and weekends. The bridge is a tolled facility, with fees collected to fund its construction and maintenance. Toll rates vary depending on the time of day and vehicle type, with electronic tolling (Good To Go!) available for regular users.

State Route 512 (SR 512)

Connecting Tacoma to Puyallup and Beyond

State Route 512 (SR 512) is a key east-west highway that connects Tacoma to Puyallup, Graham, and other communities in Pierce County. The highway begins at the I-5 interchange near Lakewood and extends eastward, eventually merging with State Route 167 (SR 167).

SR 512 is heavily used by commuters and freight traffic, making it a vital link in the region’s transportation network. The highway also provides access to several key destinations, including the South Hill Mall in Puyallup and the Joint Base Lewis-McChord (JBLM) military installation.

Planned Improvements

To address congestion and improve safety, several improvement projects are planned for SR 512. These include widening certain sections of the highway, upgrading interchanges, and enhancing signage and lighting.

• Widening Projects: Plans are underway to widen parts of SR 512 to accommodate increased traffic volumes, particularly near major interchanges.
• Interchange Upgrades: The interchanges at South Tacoma Way and Pacific Avenue are slated for upgrades to improve traffic flow and reduce congestion.

Arterial Roads and Local Streets

Pacific Avenue (State Route 7)

The Heart of Tacoma’s Urban Core

Pacific Avenue, also known as State Route 7 (SR 7), is one of Tacoma’s most important arterial roads. It runs through the heart of the city, connecting downtown Tacoma to residential neighborhoods, commercial areas, and other key destinations.

Pacific Avenue is a vital corridor for both local and regional traffic, serving as a main thoroughfare for commuters, shoppers, and tourists. The avenue is also home to many of Tacoma’s historic landmarks and cultural attractions, including the Washington State History Museum and the Tacoma Art Museum.

Recent Redevelopment Efforts

In recent years, Pacific Avenue has been the focus of significant redevelopment efforts aimed at revitalizing the downtown area and improving the pedestrian experience. These efforts include streetscape enhancements, the addition of bike lanes, and the creation of public spaces.

• Streetscape Enhancements: The addition of trees, lighting, and street furniture has made Pacific Avenue more attractive and pedestrian-friendly.
• Bike Lanes: New bike lanes have been added along Pacific Avenue to encourage cycling and improve safety for cyclists.
• Public Spaces: The creation of parks and plazas along Pacific Avenue has provided new gathering places for residents and visitors.

6th Avenue

A Vibrant Cultural Corridor

6th Avenue is another key arterial road in Tacoma, known for its vibrant cultural scene and eclectic mix of shops, restaurants, and entertainment venues. The avenue runs from downtown Tacoma westward through several neighborhoods, including the 6th Avenue District, a popular destination for nightlife and dining.

6th Avenue is a major destination for both locals and visitors, offering a unique blend of urban amenities and community charm. The avenue is also home to several annual events and festivals, including the 6th Avenue Art Walk and the 6th Avenue Street Fair.

Traffic and Parking

As a popular destination, 6th Avenue can experience heavy traffic, particularly on weekends and during special events. Parking is available along the avenue and in nearby lots, but it can be limited during peak times.

Ruston Way

Scenic Waterfront Drive

Ruston Way is a scenic roadway that runs along Tacoma’s waterfront, offering stunning views of Commencement Bay and access to several parks, restaurants, and recreational facilities. The road connects downtown Tacoma to the Point Defiance area, passing through the neighborhoods of Old Town and Ruston.

Ruston Way is a favorite destination for outdoor activities, with a wide promenade that runs parallel to the road, offering opportunities for walking, jogging, and cycling. The roadway also provides access to several popular waterfront restaurants and cafes, making it a key part of Tacoma’s recreational and dining scene.

Ongoing and Future Developments

Several ongoing and planned developments aim to enhance Ruston Way’s appeal as a waterfront destination. These include improvements to parks and trails, the addition of new dining and retail options, and the construction of residential and mixed-use developments.

• Park Improvements: Upgrades to parks along Ruston Way, including new playgrounds, picnic areas, and public art installations.
• Mixed-Use Developments: The construction of new residential and commercial developments along the waterfront, aimed at creating a vibrant, walkable community.

Bridges and Tunnels

Tacoma Narrows Bridge

Connecting Tacoma to the Peninsula

The Tacoma Narrows Bridge, as previously mentioned, is one of the most iconic structures in the region, connecting Tacoma to the Kitsap Peninsula across the Tacoma Narrows strait. The bridge consists of two parallel suspension bridges, one for eastbound traffic and the other for westbound traffic.

The Tacoma Narrows Bridge is a critical link in the region’s transportation network, serving thousands of commuters and freight vehicles daily. The bridge’s twin structures are designed to withstand high winds and seismic activity, reflecting the engineering lessons learned from the collapse of the original “Galloping Gertie” bridge in 1940.

Murray Morgan Bridge

Historic Lift Bridge Over the Thea Foss Waterway

The Murray Morgan Bridge, also known as the 11th Street Bridge, is a historic lift bridge that spans the Thea Foss Waterway in downtown Tacoma. Originally built in 1913, the bridge was named after local historian Murray Morgan and is a key piece of Tacoma’s industrial and transportation heritage.

The Murray Morgan Bridge is an important connector between downtown Tacoma and the industrial areas on the east side of the Thea Foss Waterway. Its restoration preserved a significant piece of Tacoma’s history while ensuring its continued use as a functional roadway.

Thea Foss Waterway Tunnels

Underground Connections

The Thea Foss Waterway Tunnels are a series of tunnels that run beneath downtown Tacoma, providing underground connections between key roadways and reducing surface traffic congestion. These tunnels are part of Tacoma’s broader effort to improve traffic flow and enhance the efficiency of its transportation network.

The Thea Foss Waterway Tunnels are essential for maintaining smooth traffic flow in and out of downtown Tacoma, particularly during peak travel times and major events.

Traffic Management and Safety

Congestion and Traffic Flow

Tacoma, like many growing cities, faces challenges related to traffic congestion, particularly on its major highways and arterial roads. The city’s transportation department works to manage traffic flow through a combination of road improvements, traffic signal optimization, and public transportation initiatives.

• Signal Optimization: Traffic signals on major roads like Pacific Avenue and 6th Avenue have been optimized to improve traffic flow and reduce wait times at intersections.
• Real-Time Traffic Monitoring: The city uses real-time traffic monitoring systems to adjust signal timing and provide up-to-date information to drivers.

Road Safety Initiatives

Safety is a top priority for Tacoma’s transportation planners, with various initiatives in place to reduce accidents and improve road conditions.

• Pedestrian Safety: Crosswalks and pedestrian signals have been upgraded in high-traffic areas to enhance safety for walkers and cyclists.
• Speed Enforcement: Speed limits are enforced through both traditional policing and automated speed cameras in certain areas.
• School Zone Improvements: School zones throughout the city have been equipped with flashing lights, signage, and reduced speed limits to protect students.

Future Roadway Projects and Developments

Tacoma Streets Initiative

Comprehensive Infrastructure Improvements

The Tacoma Streets Initiative is a comprehensive plan aimed at improving the city’s roadways, sidewalks, and other transportation infrastructure. Funded by a combination of local taxes and state grants, the initiative focuses on repairing and upgrading aging roads, enhancing pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure, and improving public transportation options.

The Tacoma Streets Initiative is a long-term effort designed to address the city’s growing transportation needs and ensure that its infrastructure can support future growth.

Sound Transit Light Rail Expansion

Integrating Roadways with Public Transit

Sound Transit’s light rail expansion is another key project that will impact Tacoma’s roadways. The expansion includes the extension of the Link light rail system from downtown Tacoma to the Tacoma Dome and beyond, with future plans to connect to other parts of the city and region.

The light rail expansion is expected to reduce traffic congestion by providing an efficient and reliable alternative to driving, particularly for commuters.

Conclusion

The roadways of Tacoma, WA, are a vital part of the city’s infrastructure, connecting its neighborhoods, supporting its economy, and shaping its growth. From the major highways that link Tacoma to the broader region to the local streets that define its neighborhoods, the city’s road network is constantly evolving to meet the needs of its residents and businesses. As Tacoma continues to grow, ongoing improvements and future projects will play a key role in ensuring that its roadways remain safe, efficient, and accessible for all.